Typical Life Expectancy for Components of Your Home
Typical life expectancies for most components found in homes are listed below. These life expectancies have been determined through research and testing based on regular recommended maintenance and normal wear and tear conditions, not extreme weather (or other) conditions, neglect, over-use, or abuse. Therefore, they should be used as guidelines only and not relied upon as guarantees or warranties.
Adhesives, Caulks, and Paints
Surface preparation and paint quality are the most critical determinants of a paint’s life expectancy. Ultraviolet (UV) rays via sunshine can shorten life expectancy. Additionally, conditions of high humidity indoors or outdoors can affect these components’ lifespan, which is why they should be inspected and maintained seasonally.
| Component | Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Caulking (interior & exterior) | 5 to 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction Glue | 20+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paint (exterior) | 7 to 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paint (interior) | 10 to 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Roofing Adhesives/Cements | 15+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sealants | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stains | 3 to 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appliances
Appliance life expectancy depends to a great extent on the use it receives. Furthermore, consumers often replace appliances long before they become worn out due to changes in styling, technology, and consumer preferences.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Air Conditioner (window) | 5 to 7 |
| Compactor (trash) | 6 |
| Dehumidifier | 8 |
| Dishwasher | 9 |
| Disposal (food waste) | 12 |
| Dryer Vent (plastic) | 5 |
| Dryer Vent (steel) | 20 |
| Dryer (clothes) | 13 |
| Exhaust Fans | 10 |
| Freezer | 10 to 20 |
| Gas Oven | 10 to 18 |
| Hand Dryer | 10 to 12 |
| Humidifier (portable) | 8 |
| Microwave Oven | 9 |
| Range/Oven Hood | 13 to 15 |
| Gas Range | 15 to 17 |
| Refrigerator | 9 to 13 |
| Swamp Cooler | 5 to 15 |
| Washing Machine | 5 to 15 |
| Whole-House Vacuum System | 20 |
Cabinetry and Storage
Modern kitchens today are larger and more elaborate. Together with the family room, they now form the “great room.”
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Bathroom Cabinets | 50+ |
| Closet Shelves | 100+ |
| Entertainment Center/Home Office | 10 |
| Garage/Laundry Cabinets | 70+ |
| Kitchen Cabinets | 50 |
| Medicine Cabinet | 25+ |
| Modular (stock manufacturing-type) | 50 |
Ceilings and Walls
Walls and ceilings last the whole lifespan of the home.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Acoustical Tile Ceiling | 40+ (older than 25 years may contain asbestos) |
| Ceramic Tile | 70+ |
| Concrete | 75+ |
| Gypsum | 75 |
| Wood Paneling | 20 to 50 |
| Suspended Ceiling | 25+ |
Countertops
Natural stone countertops, which are less expensive than they were just a few years ago, are becoming more popular, and one can expect them to last a lifetime. Cultured marble countertops have a shorter life expectancy, however.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Concrete | 50 |
| Cultured Marble | 20 |
| Natural Stone | 100+ |
| Laminate | 20 to 30 |
| Resin | 10+ |
| Tile | 100+ |
| Wood | 100+ |
Decks
Decks are exposed to a wide range of conditions in different climates, from wind and hail in some areas, to relatively consistent, dry weather in others. See the FASTENERS, CONNECTORS, & STEEL section for fasteners.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Deck Planks | 15 |
| Composite | 8 to 25 |
| Structural Wood | 10 to 30 |
Doors
Exterior fiberglass, steel, and wood doors will last as long as the house, while vinyl and screen doors have a shorter life expectancy. The gaskets and weatherstripping of exterior doors may have to be replaced every five to eight years.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Closet (interior) | 100+ |
| Fiberglass (exterior) | 100+ |
| Fire-Rated Steel (exterior) | 100+ |
| French (interior) | 30 to 50 |
| Screen (exterior) | 30 |
| Sliding Glass/Patio (exterior) | 20 (for roller wheel/track repair/replacement) |
| Dryer Vent (steel) | 20 |
| Vinyl (exterior) | 20 |
| Wood (exterior) | 100+ |
| Wood (hollow-core interior) | 20 to 30 |
| Wood (solid-core interior) | 30 to 100+ |
Electrical
Copper-plated wiring, copper-clad aluminum, and bare copper wiring are expected to last a lifetime. In contrast, electrical accessories and lighting controls, such as dimmer switches, may need to be replaced after ten years. GFCIs could last 30 years, but much less if tripped regularly.
Remember that faulty, damaged, or overloaded electrical circuits or equipment are the leading cause of house fires, so they should be inspected regularly and repaired or updated as needed.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Accessories | 10+ |
| Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCI's) | 30 |
| Bare Copper | 100+ |
| Bulbs (compact fluorescent) | 8,000 to 10,000+ hours |
| Bulbs (halogen) | 4,000 to 8,000+ hours |
| Bulbs (incandescent) | 1,000 to 2,000+ hours |
| Bulbs (LED) | 30,000 to 50,000+ hours |
| Copper-Clad Aluminum | 100+ |
| Copper-Plated | 100+ |
| Fixtures | 40 |
| Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI's) | up to 30 |
| Lighting Controls | 30+ |
| Residential Propane Backup Generators | 12 |
| Service Panel | 60 |
| Solar Panels | 20 to 30 |
| Solar System Batteries | 3 to 12 |
| Wind Turbine Generators | 20 |
Engineered Lumber
Floor and roof trusses and laminated strand lumber are durable household components, and engineered trim may last 30 years.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Engineered Joists | 80+ |
| Laminated Strand Lumber | 100+ |
| Laminated Veneer Lumber | 80+ |
| Trusses | 100+ |
Fasteners, Connectors, & Steel
Fastener manufacturers do not give lifespans for their products because they vary too much based on where the fasteners are installed in a home, the materials they're installed, and the local climate and environment. However, inspectors can use the guidelines below to make informed judgments about the materials they inspect.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Adjustable Steel Columns | 50+ |
| Fasteners (bright) | 25 to 60 |
| Fasteners (copper) | 65 to 80+ |
| Fasteners (galvanized) | 10+ |
| Fasteners (electro-galvanized) | 15 to 45 |
| Fasteners (hot-dipped galvanized) | 35 to 60 |
| Fasteners (stainless) | 65 to 100+ |
| Steel Beams | 200+ |
| Steel Columns | 100+ |
| Steel Plates | 100+ |
Flooring
Flooring life is dependent on maintenance and the amount of foot traffic the floor endures.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| All Wood Floors | 100+ |
| Bamboo | 100+ |
| Brick Pavers | 100+ |
| Carpet | 8 to 10 |
| Concrete | 50+ |
| Engineered Wood | 50+ |
| Exotic Wood | 100+ |
| Granite | 100+ |
| Laminate | 15 to 25 |
| Linoleum | 25 |
| Marble | 100+ |
| Other Domestic Wood | 100+ |
| Slate | 100 |
| Terrazzo | 75+ |
| Tile | 75 to 100 |
| Vinyl | 25 |
Foundations
Concrete and poured-block footings and foundations will last a lifetime, assuming they were built correctly. Waterproofing with bituminous coating lasts ten years, but if it cracks, it is immediately damaged.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Baseboard Waterproofing System | 50 |
| Bituminous-Coating Waterproofing | 10 |
| Concrete Block | 100+ |
| Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF's) | 100 |
| Permanent Wood Foundation (PWF; treated) | 75 |
| Post and Pier | 20 to 65 |
| Post and Tensioned Slab on Grade | 100+ |
| Poured-Concrete Footings and Foundation | 100+ |
| Slab on Grade (concrete) | 100 |
| Wood Foundation | 5 to 40 |
Framing
Framing and structural systems have extended longevities; poured-concrete systems, timber-frame houses, and structural insulated panels will all last a lifetime.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Log | 80 to 200 |
| Poured-Concrete Systems | 100+ |
| Steel | 100+ |
| Structural Insulated Panels (SIP's) | 100+ |
| Timber Frame | 100+ |
Garages
The quality and frequency of use will affect the longevity of garage doors and openers.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Garage Doors | 20 to 25 |
| Garage Door Openers | 10 to 15 |
Home Technology Systems
Home technology systems have diverse life expectancy and may have to be upgraded due to evolution in technology.
*Batteries should be changed at least annually.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Built-In Audio | 20 |
| Carbon Monoxide Detectors* | 5 |
| Doorbells | 45 |
| Home Automation System | 5 to 50 |
| Intercoms | 20 |
| Security System | 5 to 20 |
| Smoke/Heat Detectors* | less than 10 |
| Wireless Home Network | 5+ |
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Thermostats may last 35 years, but they are usually replaced before they fail due to technological improvements.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Air Conditioner (central) | 7 to 15 |
| Air Exchanger | 15 |
| Attic Fan | 15 to 25 |
| Boiler | 40 |
| Burner | 10+ |
| Ceiling Fan | 5 to 10 |
| Chimney Cap (concrete) | 100+ |
| Chimney Cap (metal) | 10 to 20 |
| Chimney Cap (mortar) | 15 |
| Chimney Flue Tile | 40 to 120 |
| Condenser | 8 to 20 |
| Dampers | 20+ |
| Dehumidifier | 8 |
| Diffusers, Grilles and Registers | 25 |
| Ducting | 60 to 100 |
| Electric Radiant Heater | 40 |
| Evaporative Cooler | 15 to 25 |
| Furnace | 15 to 25 |
| Gas Fireplace | 15 to 25 |
| Heat Exchanger | 10 to 15 |
| Heat Pump | 10 to 15 |
| Heat-Recovery Ventilator | 20 |
| Hot-Water and Steam-Radiant Boiler | 40 |
| Humidifier | 12 |
| nduction and Fan-Coil Units | 10 to 15 |
| Thermostats | 35 |
| Ventilator | 7 |
Insulation & Infiltration Barriers
As long as they are not punctured, cut, or burned and are kept dry and away from UV rays, cellulose, fiberglass, and foam insulation materials will last a lifetime, and this is true regardless of whether they were installed as loose-fill, house wrap, or batts & rolls.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Batts/Rolls | 100+ |
| Black Paper (felt paper) | 15 to 30 |
| Cellulose | 100+ |
| Fiberglass | 100+ |
| Foamboard | 100+ |
| Housewrap | 80+ |
| Liquid-Applied Membrane | 50 |
| Loose-Fill | 100+ |
| Rockwool | 100+ |
| Wrap Tape | 80+ |
Masonry & Concrete
Masonry is one of the most enduring household components. Fireplaces, chimneys, and brick veneers can last the lifetime of the home.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Brick | 100+ |
| Insulated Concrete Forms (hybrid block) | 100+ |
| Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs) | 100+ |
| Man-Made Stone | 25 |
| Masonry Sealant | 2 to 20 |
| Stone | 100+ |
| Stucco/EIFS | 50+ |
| Veneer | 100+ |
Molding, Millwork, & Trim
Custom millwork and stair parts will last a lifetime and are typically only upgraded for aesthetic reasons.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Attic Stairs (pull-down) | 50 |
| Custom Millwork | 100+ |
| Pre-Built Stairs | 100+ |
| Stair Parts | 100+ |
| Stairs | 100+ |
Panels
The lifetime of any wood product depends heavily on moisture intrusion.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Flooring Underlayment | 25 |
| Hardboard | 25 |
| Particleboard | 60 |
| Plywood | 100 |
| Softwood | 30 |
| Oriented Strand Board (OSB) | 60 |
| Wall Panels | 100+ |
Plumbing, Fixtures, & Faucets
The quality of plumbing fixtures varies dramatically. The mineral content of water can shorten the life expectancy of water heaters and clog showerheads. Also, some finishes may require special maintenance with approved cleaning agents per the manufacturers to last their expected service life.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| ABS and PVC Waste Pipe | 50 to 80 |
| Accessible/ADA Handles | 100+ |
| Acrylic Kitchen Sink | 50 |
| Cast-Iron Bathtub | 100 |
| Cast-Iron Waste Pipe (above ground) | 60 |
| Cast-Iron Waste Pipe (below ground) | 50 to 60 |
| Concrete Waste Pipe | 100+ |
| Copper Water Lines | 70 |
| Enameled Steel Kitchen Sink | 5 to 10+ |
| Faucets and Spray Hose | 15 to 20 |
| Fiberglass Bathtub and Shower | 20 |
| Gas Lines (black steel) | 75 |
| Gas Lines (flex) | 30 |
| Hose Bibs | 20 to 30 |
| Instant (on-demand) Water Heater | 10 |
| PEX | 40 |
| Plastic Water Lines | 75 |
| Saunas/Steam Room | 15 to 20 |
| Sewer Grinder Pump | 10 |
| Shower Enclosure/Module | 50 |
| Shower Doors | 20 |
| Showerheads | 100+ (if not clogged by minerals or other deposits) |
| Soapstone Kitchen Sink | 100+ |
| Sump Pump | 7 |
| Toilet Tank Components | 5 |
| Toilets, Bidets and Urinals | 100+ |
| Vent Fan (ceiling) | 5 to 10 |
| Vessel Sink (stone, glass, porcelain, copper) | 5 to 20+ |
| Water Heater (conventional) | 6 to 12 |
| Water Line (copper) | 50 |
| Water Line (plastic) | 50 |
| Water Softener | 50 |
| Well Pump | 50 |
| Whirlpool Tub | 20 to 50 |
Radon Systems
Radon mitigation systems have but one moving part: the radon fan.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Air Exchanger | 15 |
| Barometric Backdraft Damper/Fresh-Air Intake | 20 |
| Caulking | 5 to 10 |
| Labeling | 25 |
| Manometer | 15 |
| Piping | 50+ |
| Radon Fan | 5 to 8 |
Roofing
A roof's life depends on local weather conditions, building and design, material quality, and adequate maintenance. Hot climates drastically reduce asphalt shingle life. Roofs in areas that experience severe weather, such as hail, tornadoes, and hurricanes, may also experience a shorter-than-normal lifespan overall or incur isolated damage that requires repair to ensure the service life of the surrounding roofing materials.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Aluminum Coating | 3 to 7 |
| Asphalt (architectural) | 30 |
| Asphalt Shingles (3-tab) | 20 |
| BUR (built-up roofing) | 30 |
| Clay/Concrete | 100+ |
| Coal and Tar | 30 |
| Copper | 70+ |
| EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) Rubber | 25 |
| Fiber Cement | 100+ |
| Green (vegetation-covered) | 5 to 40 |
| Metal | 40 to 80 |
| Modified Bitumen | 20 |
| Simulated Slate | 10 to 35 |
| Slate | 60 to 150 |
| TPO | 7 to 20 |
| Wood | 25 |
Sidings, Flashings, & Accessories
Exterior siding materials typically last a lifetime. Some exterior components may require protection through appropriate paints or sealants, as well as regular maintenance. Also, while well-maintained and undamaged flashing can last a long time, it is their connections that tend to fail, so seasonal inspection and maintenance are strongly recommended.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Aluminum Gutters, Downspouts, Soffit and Fascia | 20 to 40+ |
| Aluminum Siding | 25 to 40+ |
| Asbestos Shingle | 100 |
| Brick | 100+ |
| Cementitious | 100+ |
| Copper Downspouts | 100 |
| Copper Gutters | 50+ |
| Engineered Wood | 100+ |
| Fiber Cement | 100+ |
| Galvanized Steel Gutters/Downspouts | 20 |
| Manufactured Stone | 100+ |
| Stone | 100+ |
| Simulated Slate | 10 to 35 |
| Stucco/EIFS | 50+ |
| Trim | 25 |
| Vinyl Gutters and Downspouts | 25+ |
| Vinyl Siding | 60 |
| Wood/Exterior Shutters | 20 |
Site & Landscaping
Site and landscaping elements have life expectancy that vary dramatically.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| American Red Clay | 100+ |
| Asphalt Driveway | 15 to 20 |
| Brick and Concrete Patio | 15 to 25 |
| Clay Paving | 100+ |
| Concrete Walks | 40 to 50 |
| Copper Downspouts | 100 |
| Controllers | 15 |
| Gravel Walks | 4 to 6 |
| Mulch | 1 to 2 |
| Polyvinyl Fencing | 100+ |
| Sprinkler Heads | 10 to 14 |
| Underground PVC Piping | 60+ |
| Valves | 20 |
| Wood Chips | 1 to 5 |
| Wood Fencing | 20 |
Swimming Pools
Swimming pools are composed of many systems and components, all with varying life expectancy.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Concrete Shell | 25+ |
| Cover | 7 |
| Diving Board | 10 |
| Filter and Pump | 10 |
| Interior Finish | 10 to 35 |
| Pool Water Heater | 8 |
| Vinyl Liner | 10 |
| Waterline Tile | 15+ |
Windows
Aluminum windows are expected to last between 15 and 20 years, while wooden windows should last nearly 30 years.
| Component | Years |
|---|---|
| Aluminum/Aluminum-Clad | 15 to 20 |
| Double-Pane | 8 to 20 |
| Skylights | 10 to 20 |
| Vinyl/Fiberglass Windows | 20 to 40 |
| Window Glazing | 10+ |
| Wood | 30+ |
Note: Life expectancy varies with usage, weather, installation, maintenance, and quality of materials. This list should be used only as a general guideline and not as a guarantee or warranty regarding the performance or life expectancy of any appliance, product, system, or component.
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